新的天文任务通常与已经收集的标签的早期任务有关。我们将对比度框架BYOL调整为利用这些标签作为预处理的任务，同时还可以增强不变性。对于大规模预处理，我们介绍了GZ-EVO V0.1，这是552K星系图像的9650万志愿者响应，再加上另外134万个可比较的未标记星系。206 GZ-EVO答案中的大多数对于任何给定的星系都不为人所知，因此我们的预读任务使用了自然处理未知答案的差异损失。在有或没有混合学习的情况下，GZ-EVO预训练即使有很多下游标签（44K标签的精度为+4％）也可以改善直接训练。我们的混合预处理/对比方法进一步提高了下游准确性，而对比度学习或对比度学习，尤其是在低标签转移方案中（具有750个标签的6％精度）。

在这项工作中，我们在现代射频天文学中应用于形态分类时，研究了最先进的半监督学习（SSL）算法的鲁棒性。我们测试SSL是否可以在使用较少的标记数据点时实现与本领域的当前监督状态相当的性能，以及这些结果概括使用真正未标记的数据。我们发现，尽管SSL提供了额外的正常化，但在使用很少的标签时，其性能迅速降低，并且使用真正未标记的数据导致性能显着下降。

The correct functioning of photovoltaic (PV) cells is critical to ensuring the optimal performance of a solar plant. Anomaly detection techniques for PV cells can result in significant cost savings in operation and maintenance (O&M). Recent research has focused on deep learning techniques for automatically detecting anomalies in Electroluminescence (EL) images. Automated anomaly annotations can improve current O&M methodologies and help develop decision-making systems to extend the life-cycle of the PV cells and predict failures. This paper addresses the lack of anomaly segmentation annotations in the literature by proposing a combination of state-of-the-art data-driven techniques to create a Golden Standard benchmark. The proposed method stands out for (1) its adaptability to new PV cell types, (2) cost-efficient fine-tuning, and (3) leverage public datasets to generate advanced annotations. The methodology has been validated in the annotation of a widely used dataset, obtaining a reduction of the annotation cost by 60%.

保留保留机器学习使分散数据集的模型培训无需在水平和垂直分区数据上揭示数据。但是，它依赖于专业技术和算法来执行必要的计算。保留标量产品协议的隐私，这使得载体的点乘积能够在不揭示它们的情况下是其多功能性的一个流行的例子。遗憾的是，目前在文献中提出的解决方案主要集中在双方场景中，即使具有较高数量的数据方的情景变得更加相关。例如，当执行需要计数满足各个站点上定义的某些标准的样本数的分析时，例如在决策树中计算节点处的信息增益。在本文中，我们提出了基于现有双方方法的任意缔约方议定书的概括。我们提出的解决方案依赖于较小标量产品的递归分辨率。在描述我们所提出的方法后，我们讨论了潜在的可扩展性问题。最后，我们描述了隐私担保并确定了任何问题，以及将建议的方法与原始解决方案进行比较。

LIDAR语义分割提供有关环境的3D语义信息，在其决策过程中为智能系统提供基本提示。深度神经网络正在实现这项任务的大型公共基准的最先进结果。不幸的是，找到概括井或适应其他域的模型，其中数据分布不同，仍然是一个重大挑战。这项工作解决了LIDAR语义分段模型的无监督域适应问题。我们的方法将新颖的想法结合在最新的最先进的方法之上，并产生了新的最先进的结果。我们提出了简单但有效的策略，以通过对齐输入空间的数据分布来减少域移位。此外，我们提出了一种基于学习的方法，使目标域的语义类的分布对准到源域。呈现的消融研究表明，每个部分如何促成最终表现。我们的策略显示在三个不同的域上运行的比较以前的域适应方法。

To achieve accurate and low-cost 3D object detection, existing methods propose to benefit camera-based multi-view detectors with spatial cues provided by the LiDAR modality, e.g., dense depth supervision and bird-eye-view (BEV) feature distillation. However, they directly conduct point-to-point mimicking from LiDAR to camera, which neglects the inner-geometry of foreground targets and suffers from the modal gap between 2D-3D features. In this paper, we propose the learning scheme of Target Inner-Geometry from the LiDAR modality into camera-based BEV detectors for both dense depth and BEV features, termed as TiG-BEV. First, we introduce an inner-depth supervision module to learn the low-level relative depth relations between different foreground pixels. This enables the camera-based detector to better understand the object-wise spatial structures. Second, we design an inner-feature BEV distillation module to imitate the high-level semantics of different keypoints within foreground targets. To further alleviate the BEV feature gap between two modalities, we adopt both inter-channel and inter-keypoint distillation for feature-similarity modeling. With our target inner-geometry distillation, TiG-BEV can effectively boost BEVDepth by +2.3% NDS and +2.4% mAP, along with BEVDet by +9.1% NDS and +10.3% mAP on nuScenes val set. Code will be available at https://github.com/ADLab3Ds/TiG-BEV.

Exploring dense matching between the current frame and past frames for long-range context modeling, memory-based methods have demonstrated impressive results in video object segmentation (VOS) recently. Nevertheless, due to the lack of instance understanding ability, the above approaches are oftentimes brittle to large appearance variations or viewpoint changes resulted from the movement of objects and cameras. In this paper, we argue that instance understanding matters in VOS, and integrating it with memory-based matching can enjoy the synergy, which is intuitively sensible from the definition of VOS task, \ie, identifying and segmenting object instances within the video. Towards this goal, we present a two-branch network for VOS, where the query-based instance segmentation (IS) branch delves into the instance details of the current frame and the VOS branch performs spatial-temporal matching with the memory bank. We employ the well-learned object queries from IS branch to inject instance-specific information into the query key, with which the instance-augmented matching is further performed. In addition, we introduce a multi-path fusion block to effectively combine the memory readout with multi-scale features from the instance segmentation decoder, which incorporates high-resolution instance-aware features to produce final segmentation results. Our method achieves state-of-the-art performance on DAVIS 2016/2017 val (92.6% and 87.1%), DAVIS 2017 test-dev (82.8%), and YouTube-VOS 2018/2019 val (86.3% and 86.3%), outperforming alternative methods by clear margins.

Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is characterized by disorganised electrical activity in the atria and is known to be sustained by the presence of regions of fibrosis (scars) or functional cellular remodeling, both of which may lead to areas of slow conduction. Estimating the effective conductivity of the myocardium and identifying regions of abnormal propagation is therefore crucial for the effective treatment of AF. We hypothesise that the spatial distribution of tissue conductivity can be directly inferred from an array of concurrently acquired contact electrograms (EGMs). We generate a dataset of simulated cardiac AP propagation using randomised scar distributions and a phenomenological cardiac model and calculate contact electrograms at various positions on the field. A deep neural network, based on a modified U-net architecture, is trained to estimate the location of the scar and quantify conductivity of the tissue with a Jaccard index of $91$%. We adapt a wavelet-based surrogate testing analysis to confirm that the inferred conductivity distribution is an accurate representation of the ground truth input to the model. We find that the root mean square error (RMSE) between the ground truth and our predictions is significantly smaller ($p_{val}=0.007$) than the RMSE between the ground truth and surrogate samples.

Recently, Bird's-Eye-View (BEV) representation has gained increasing attention in multi-view 3D object detection, which has demonstrated promising applications in autonomous driving. Although multi-view camera systems can be deployed at low cost, the lack of depth information makes current approaches adopt large models for good performance. Therefore, it is essential to improve the efficiency of BEV 3D object detection. Knowledge Distillation (KD) is one of the most practical techniques to train efficient yet accurate models. However, BEV KD is still under-explored to the best of our knowledge. Different from image classification tasks, BEV 3D object detection approaches are more complicated and consist of several components. In this paper, we propose a unified framework named BEV-LGKD to transfer the knowledge in the teacher-student manner. However, directly applying the teacher-student paradigm to BEV features fails to achieve satisfying results due to heavy background information in RGB cameras. To solve this problem, we propose to leverage the localization advantage of LiDAR points. Specifically, we transform the LiDAR points to BEV space and generate the foreground mask and view-dependent mask for the teacher-student paradigm. It is to be noted that our method only uses LiDAR points to guide the KD between RGB models. As the quality of depth estimation is crucial for BEV perception, we further introduce depth distillation to our framework. Our unified framework is simple yet effective and achieves a significant performance boost. Code will be released.

Frozen pretrained models have become a viable alternative to the pretraining-then-finetuning paradigm for transfer learning. However, with frozen models there are relatively few parameters available for adapting to downstream tasks, which is problematic in computer vision where tasks vary significantly in input/output format and the type of information that is of value. In this paper, we present a study of frozen pretrained models when applied to diverse and representative computer vision tasks, including object detection, semantic segmentation and video action recognition. From this empirical analysis, our work answers the questions of what pretraining task fits best with this frozen setting, how to make the frozen setting more flexible to various downstream tasks, and the effect of larger model sizes. We additionally examine the upper bound of performance using a giant frozen pretrained model with 3 billion parameters (SwinV2-G) and find that it reaches competitive performance on a varied set of major benchmarks with only one shared frozen base network: 60.0 box mAP and 52.2 mask mAP on COCO object detection test-dev, 57.6 val mIoU on ADE20K semantic segmentation, and 81.7 top-1 accuracy on Kinetics-400 action recognition. With this work, we hope to bring greater attention to this promising path of freezing pretrained image models.